干姜油含挥发性成分：α-姜烯(α-zingiberene)，牻牛儿醇(geraniol)，β-甜没药烯(β-bisabolene)，橙花醇(nerol)，1，8-桉叶素(1,8-cineole)，α-松油醇(α-terpineol)，龙脑(borneol)，β-水芹烯(β-phellandrene)，芳樟醇(linalool)，甲基壬基酮(methylnonyl ketone)，樟烯(camphene)，柠檬烯(limonene)，倍半水芹烯(sesquiphellandrene)，α-姜黄烯(α-curcumene)及乙酸孟酯(menthylacetate)等70多种；辛辣成分：6-姜辣醇(6-gingerdione)，6-姜辣酮(6-shogaol)，8-姜辣烯酮，5-去氧-6-姜辣醇(6-paradol),6-辣辣二醇(6-gingediol)，6-姜辣二醇-5-乙酸酯(6-gingediol-5-acetate)，6-姜辣二醇-3-乙酸酯(6-gingediol-3-acetate)，6-姜辣二醇双乙酸酯(6-gingediacetate)及6-甲基姜辣二醇双乙酸酯(6-methylgingediacetate)等；二芳基庚烷类成分：姜烯酮(gingerenong)A、B、C异姜烯酮B(isogingerenoneB)，六氢姜黄素(hexahydrocurcumin)，内消旋-3，5-二乙酰氧基-1，7-双-(4-羟 基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[3，5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane]，3，5-二乙酰氧基-1-(4-羟 基-3，5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[3，5-diacetoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-eimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],(3S,5S)-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3，5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[(3S,5S)-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane]，(3S，5S)-3，5-二羟基-1，7-双-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[(3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],5-羟基-7-(4羟基苯基)-1-( 4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-heptanone]，3，5-二乙酰氧基-7-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷[3,5-diacetoxy-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-heptane],5-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3，5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-(4)-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基β-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-heptanone]，5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3，5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲摒 在苯基)-3-庚酮[5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-heptanone]，(3R，5S)-3,5-二羟基-1，7-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-庚烷、(3S，5S)-3,5-二乙酰氧基-1，7-双-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-庚烷[(3S,5S)-3，5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane]及7-(3，4-二羟基苯基)-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-4-庚烯-3-酮[7-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hept-4-en-3-one]等。

干姜还含6-姜辣磺酸(6-gingesulfonic acid)，5-外-羟基龙脑-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(angelicoidenol-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)及姜糖脂(gingerglycolipid)A、B、C。