摘要:
目的 农村人居环境整治提升是实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容，对宜居宜业和美乡村建设行动具有重要意义。研究发达国家的农村人居环境改善措施和实践经验，对我国农村人居环境整治提升具有重要的借鉴意义。方法 文章通过梳理分析国外发达国家改善农村人居环境的发展历程、建设模式以及长效机制等内容，提炼总结国外改善农村人居环境中的先进经验和共性特征，并提出我国农村人居环境整治提升建议。结果 为改善农村人居环境，构建生态宜居乡村，欧美、日韩等发达国家主要在农村人居环境建设与整治法律法规、资金筹措、群众参与和激励措施等方面建立了长效机制，具有完善性、长效性、多元化、主动性、协调性等特点。结论 针对我国农村人居环境区域发展不均衡、法律体系不健全、长效管护机制不完善等问题，借鉴国外经验，我国农村人居环境整治提升应科学规划合理布局、创新农村人居环境发展新模式，因地制宜推进农村人居环境整治可持续发展，加强科普宣传、完善法律体系建设、构建村民自治机制和多元投入机制，推动我国农村人居环境迈向提质升级。
关键词:农村人居环境乡村建设建设模式长效机制国外经验
DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20230409
分类号:X2
基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项“黑灰水胁迫下土地渗滤系统中氮素转化与关键微生物特性研究”(2022-jbkyywf-wq); 农业农村部“农村典型卫生户厕粪污监测”项目（09223004）
STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT ABROAD AND ITS REFERENTIAL EXPERIENCE
Wang Jiarui1,2, Gao Wenyong3, Wei Xiaocheng1,2, Liu Fang1,2, Gao Yi1,2,4, Li Houyu1,2, Zhang Chunxue1,2, Zheng Xiangqun1,2,5, Wang Qiang1,2
1.Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;2.Key Laboratory for Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;3.Administration and Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 102208, China;4.Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China;5.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract:
The improvement of rural living environment is an important part of the implementation of rural vitalization strategy, and is of great significance to the construction of livable, viable and beautiful countryside。 The study on the measures and practical experiences of rural living environment improvement in developed countries has significant reference to the improvement of rural living environment in China。 This paper made an analysis of the development process, construction models, and long-term mechanisms for improving the rural living environment in developed countries。
It extracted and summarized the advanced experience and common characteristics of foreign countries in improving the rural living environment and proposes suggestions for promoting the improvement of the rural living environment in China。 In order to improve the rural living environment, an ecologically livable rural area was built in developed countries such as Europe, America, Japan, and South Korea, and long-term mechanisms were established in aspects such as laws and regulations, fund-raising, public participation, and incentive measures, showing the characteristics of completeness, sustainability, diversity, proactivity, and coordination。
In summary, according to the problems of uneven regional development, an incomplete legal system, and an inadequate long-term management mechanism in the rural living environment in China, we should learn from the experience of foreign countries, scientifically plan and rationally layout the rural living environment, innovate new models for rural living environment development, and promote sustainable development of the rural living environment through targeted measures。 Meanwhile, we should also strengthen public education and publicity, improve the legal system, establish a mechanism for village autonomy and diversified investment, so as to promote the high-quality upgrading of the rural living environment in China。
Key words:rural living environmentrural constructionconstruction modellong-term mechanismsforeign experience
